William O. Baker Award for Initiatives in Research

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Der William O. Baker Award for Initiatives in Research (bis 2013[1] NAS Award for Initiatives in Research, National Academy of Sciences Award for Initiatives in Research) ist ein von der National Academy of Sciences der Vereinigten Staaten seit 1981 jährlich vergebener Wissenschaftspreis, mit dem einerseits innovative junge Wissenschaftler, andererseits Forschung, die wahrscheinlich zu nützlichen Entwicklungen führt, gefördert werden sollen. Der Empfänger muss in den USA leben und soll nicht älter als 35 Jahre sein. Der Preis ist nach William O. Baker benannt und wird von den Bell Labs und Alcatel-Lucent gesponsert. Er ist mit 15.000 US-Dollar dotiert.

Seit 2015 gab es keine neuen Preisträger.

Jahr Preisträger Gebiet Begründung
1981 Gary D. Patterson Polymer-Wissenschaften For his outstanding theoretical and experimental contributions to polymer science, particularly in the application of light scattering measurements to the understanding of polymer chain dynamics.
1982 Kerry E. Sieh Geochemie/Geophysik For his development and application of innovative field techniques for studying active faults to identify and date paleoearthquakes, thereby providing quantitative assessment of earthquake hazards.
1983 Stephen M. Kosslyn Verhaltensforschung und Sozialwissenschaften For his development of a comprehensive theory of visual imagery and its representation in the human memory system.
1984 Robert E. Tarjan Technische Informatik For his leadership in the subtle design of the most efficient algorithms known for many fundamental problems related to graphs and other combinatorial structures.
1985 Steven E. Lindow angewandte Biologie For his pioneering research, demonstrating the role of epiphytic bacteria in ice nucleation and resultant frost damage to plants, the feasibility of biological as well as chemical control of frost injury, and the genetic control of ice nucleation in bacteria.
1986 David R. Nelson Materialwissenschaften For his contributions to the understanding of imperfectly ordered systems including hexactics, liquid crystals, glasses, and icosahedral order in liquids.
1987 Jeremy Nathans Genetik For providing molecular genetic proof of the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory of color vision and for defining the changes in DNA in colorblindness.
1988 Marc L. Mansfield angewandte Polymerchemie und -physik For his outstanding theoretical studies of the structure and properties of amorphous and semicrystalline polymers.
1989 John K. Ousterhout Ingenieurwesen For his outstanding achievements in the engineering of software ranging from operating systems to the computer-aided design of VLSI circuits.
1990 Wayne H. Knox Quantenelektronik For his contributions to femtosecond quantum electronics and applications of subpicosecond lasers to study ultrafast processed in molecular systems and semiconductor heterostructures.
1990 James G. Fujimoto Quantenelektronik For his contributions to femtosecond quantum electronics and applications of subpicosecond lasers to studies of electronic materials and biological tissues.
1991 Noam D. Elkies Mathematik For his distinguished research in number theory, particularly his work on elliptic curves over the rational numbers and his remarkable constructions of dense sphere packings in Euclidean space.
1992 Sangtae Kim Chemieingenieurwesen For his refinement of mathematical techniques in low Reynolds number hydrodynamics, and for his development of novel computer strategies for solving complex chemical engineering problems.
1992 Alice P. Gast Chemieingenieurwesen For her innovative experimental and theoretical research of polymer and colloidal systems leading to discoveries of new microscopic phenomena.
1993 R. Eric Betzig Physik For his implementation of a near-field scanning optical microscope, which extends the resolution of optical microscopy far beyond the diffraction limit to dimensions as small as one-fortieth of an optical wave length.
1994 Joanne Chory Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen For her pioneering genetic and molecular approaches that have altered our understanding of how photomorphogenesis in plants is controlled by photoreceptor signal transduction pathways.
1995 Thomas D. Albright System-Neurowissenschaften For his fundamental contributions to the understanding of motion perception through the creative integration of single-unit electrophysiology in monkeys, human psychophysics, and computational modeling.
1996 Christopher Stubbs Astrophysik For his innovative development and utilization of instrumentation to attack fundamental issues in physics and astronomy, including the discovery of baryonic dark matter in the galactic halo.
1997 Matthew P. A. Fisher Festkörperphysik For his seminal contributions to the theory of the vortex-glass phase, the superconductor-insulator transition, and the quantum properties of mesoscopic wires and n-leg Hubbard ladders.
1998 Arthur W. Lupia Sozialwissenschaften und Politikwissenschaften For his contribution to our understanding of the importance of knowledge, learning, and persuasion to political decision-making by voters, legislators, and jurors.
1999 Jennifer A. Doudna Biomedizin For her pioneering studies, which have enabled the determination of complex RNA structures, especially those of ribozymes, through X-ray crystallography.
2000 Kenneth A. Farley Geochemie/Geophysik For his insightful use of isotope geochemistry to address the origin of Earth’s atmosphere, the infall of cosmic dust, and the uplift rates of mountains.
2001 Jon M. Kleinberg Informatik/angewandte Mathematik For his development of deep and innovative algorithms to solve fundamental problems in network, information extraction, and discrete optimization.
2002 Deborah S. Jin Quantenelektronik For her experimental realization and characterization of a new quantum system, the vapor-phase degenerate Fermi gas.
2003 David R. Karger Algorithmen und Rechnen For the elegant use of randomness to design improved algorithms for classically studied problems such as network flow, graph coloring, finding minimum trees, and finding minimum cuts.
2004 Yoel Fink Kondensierte Materie/Materialwissenschaften For his pioneering contributions and ingenuity in the creative design and development of photonic materials and devices.
2005 Ronald Fedkiw Informatik/angewandte Mathematik For his many innovations in the modeling and numerical simulation of flows and his pioneering contributions to physically based computer graphics.
2006 David Goldhaber-Gordon Kondensierte Materie/Materialwissenschaften For his fundamental studies of electron correlations in mesoscopic structures.
2007 Shanhui Fan Optik For innovative research on the theory and applications of photonic crystal devices.
2008 Anna C. Gilbert Informatik und angewandte Mathematik For innovative algorithms using wavelets and sampling techniques and their impact on data analysis and sparse approximation.
2009 Ali Javey Nanowissenschaften For seminal advances in carbon nanoelectronics, utilizing and synthesizing concepts from chemistry, physics, and engineering.
2010 Mark Tygert Numerik For development of fast algorithms in mathematical physics, operator compression, and linear algebra, using deep, innovative ideas based on randomization and harmonic analysis.
2011 Martin T. Zanni Optik For revolutionary advances in multidimensional spectroscopies, which are enabling discoveries in biological, medical, and condensed matter chemical systems.
2012 Christopher Bettinger Materialwissenschaften For innovative research on advanced materials for next-generation implanted medical devices.
2013 Theodore Betley Katalyse For his development and mechanistic elucidation of remarkable iron catalysts for carbon-hydrogen bond functionalization.
2014 Garnet Kin-Lic Chan numerische Simulationen kondensierter Materie For pioneering research in the field of numerical simulation of highly correlated quantum systems in chemistry and physics, particularly for his development of density matrix renormalization group methods and the density matrix embedding theory.
2015 Benjamin Recht Statistik und Maschinenlernen For his significant contributions at the confluence of optimization, signal processing and statistics, including seminal work on matrix completion.

Einzelnachweise

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  1. NAS Award for Initiatives in Research (Memento vom 26. Januar 2013 im Internet Archive)